Wireless Networks & Mobility (Part 2)
Advanced concepts in wireless architecture, Ad-hoc networks, and cellular design mathematics.
Wireless Network Modes
1. Infrastructure Mode
Stations communicate through a central point called an Access Point (AP) or Base Station (BS).
2. Ad-hoc Mode
Stations communicate directly with each other (Peer-to-Peer) without any fixed infrastructure.
Key Properties of Ad-hoc Networks
Ad-hoc networks are dynamic and decentralized by nature. They are often called MANETs (Mobile Ad-hoc Networks).
- No Base Station: No need for expensive infrastructure.
- Self-Configuring: Nodes discover each other automatically.
- Multi-hop Routing: Packets travel through intermediate nodes to reach destination.
- Dynamic Topology: Routes change as nodes move.
Comparison Summary
Cellular Design Mathematics
The Frequency Reuse Cluster (N)
To avoid interference, we don't use the same frequency in adjacent cells. We group cells into a Cluster of size N.
(Where i, j are non-negative integers)
Common Cluster Sizes: 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 13...
D / R = √(3N)
(R = Cell Radius)